Aminophylline
minophylline is a bronchodilator. It is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline withethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate
Properties
It is more soluble in water than theophylline. White or slightly yellowish granules or powder, having a slight ammoniacal odor and a bitter taste. Upon exposure to air, it gradually loses ethylenediamine and absorbs carbon dioxide with the liberation of free theophylline. Its solutions are alkaline. One g dissolves in 25 mL of water to give a clear solution; 1 g dissolved in 5 mL of water crystallizes upon standing, but redissolves when a small amount of ethylenediamine is added. Insoluble in alcohol and in ether.
Mechanism of action
Like other methylated xanthine derivatives, aminophylline is both a
1. competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellularcAMP, activates PKA, inhibits TNF-alpha and leukotriene synthesis, andreduces inflammation and innate immunity and
2. nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist
Aminophylline is less potent and shorter-acting than theophylline. Its most common use is in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
Causes bronchodilatation, diuresis, CNS and cardiac stimulation, and gastric acid secretion by blocking phosphodiesterase which increases tissue concentrations of cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) which in turn promotes catecholamine stimulation of lipolysis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis and induces release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla cells
Other uses
Aminophylline has shown some promise as a bodyfat reducer when used as a topical cream (sometimes referred to as "cutting gel").Aminophylline is also a treatment option for anaphylactic shock.
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